現(xian)(xian)在隨著人們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提高,人們(men)對(dui)自己家庭的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)質(zhi)量也(ye)有(you)了新的(de)(de)(de)要求。現(xian)(xian)在人們(men)普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng),可是對(dui)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng)埋管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方式卻很少(shao)有(you)人知道。雖然地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)技術逐漸開始(shi)成熟,但是還(huan)是在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)問題,比如排管(guan)埋管(guan)方式也(ye)會因為各有(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)帶來(lai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法(fa),所以選擇(ze)正確或者說適合的(de)(de)(de)埋管(guan)方式可以有(you)效(xiao)節省(sheng)資源(yuan)(yuan),后期(qi)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)會出(chu)現(xian)(xian)這樣那(nei)樣的(de)(de)(de)麻煩(fan),接(jie)下(xia)(xia)來(lai)小(xiao)編在這里(li)給(gei)大家介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)一下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng)埋管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方式。現(xian)(xian)在隨著人們(men)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提高,人們(men)對(dui)自己家庭的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)質(zhi)量也(ye)有(you)了新的(de)(de)(de)要求。現(xian)(xian)在人們(men)普遍使(shi)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng),可是對(dui)于地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng)埋管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方式卻很少(shao)有(you)人知道。接(jie)下(xia)(xia)來(lai)小(xiao)編在這里(li)給(gei)大家介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)一下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)源(yuan)(yuan)熱(re)(re)泵(beng)埋管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)方式。
目前地源熱泵地下(xia)埋管換熱器主(zhu)要有(you)兩(liang)種形式,即水平埋管和垂直埋管。水平埋管主(zhu)要有(you)單(dan)溝(gou)單(dan)管、單(dan)溝(gou)雙管、單(dan)溝(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)雙管、單(dan)溝(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)四管、單(dan)溝(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)六管等形式,由于(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)埋管的(de)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)管處于(yu)一(yi)個較(jiao)穩定的(de)溫度場,換熱效率好于(yu)單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng),而且占地面積較(jiao)少。
地源熱泵埋管方式-水平埋管
水平埋管施工簡單,受外界氣候的影響較大,適用于單季使用的情況,對冬夏冷暖聯供系統使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)者很少(shao),而且(qie)所占用(yong)的(de)(de)場地(di)(di)(di)也較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),適(shi)合場地(di)(di)(di)比較(jiao)(jiao)充足的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方建造(zao)。水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)埋(mai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)主要有單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)六(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等形式(shi),由(you)于(yu)(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)埋(mai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)處于(yu)(yu)一個較(jiao)(jiao)穩定的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)場,換熱效率好于(yu)(yu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),而且(qie)占地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao),因此應(ying)用(yong)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)。近年(nian)來(lai)國(guo)外又新開(kai)發(fa)了兩種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)埋(mai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)形式(shi),一種(zhong)是(shi)扁平(ping)(ping)曲(qu)線狀(zhuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),另一種(zhong)是(shi)螺旋狀(zhuang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。它(ta)們的(de)(de)優點是(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)長度(du)縮短,而可埋(mai)沒的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)長度(du)增加。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路的(de)(de)埋(mai)設視(shi)巖(yan)土情況,可采取挖溝(gou)(gou)(gou)或大(da)面積(ji)開(kai)挖方法。單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)最佳深度(du)0.8~1.0m,雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)1.2~1.9m,但無論任何情況均應(ying)埋(mai)在當地(di)(di)(di)冰(bing)凍(dong)線以下(xia)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)埋(mai)深較(jiao)(jiao)淺,其埋(mai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)換熱器性能不(bu)(bu)如垂直(zhi)(zhi)埋(mai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),而且(qie)施工(gong)時(shi),占用(yong)場地(di)(di)(di)大(da),在實際使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)中,往往是(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)互相(xiang)搭配;螺旋管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)優于(yu)(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),但不(bu)(bu)易施工(gong)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)淺埋(mai)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)面溫(wen)度(du)影響大(da),地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)巖(yan)土冬夏(xia)熱平(ping)(ping)衡好,因此適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)季使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)情況(如歐洲只用(yong)于(yu)(yu)冬季供暖和(he)生活熱水(shui)(shui)供應(ying)),對(dui)冬夏(xia)冷(leng)暖聯供系統(tong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)者很少(shao)。
地源熱泵埋管方式-垂直埋管
垂直埋管占地面積小,受外界的影響極小,恒溫效果好;施工完畢后,需要的維護費用很少,但其初期的鉆進費用較高,比較適合我(wo)國(guo)這樣人(ren)多地少的國(guo)家建造(zao)。垂直(zhi)(zhi)埋管(guan)根據埋管(guan)形式(shi)(shi)的不(bu)同,一般有單U形管(guan),雙U形管(guan),小直(zhi)(zhi)徑螺旋(xuan)盤(pan)管(guan)和大直(zhi)(zhi)徑螺旋(xuan)盤(pan)管(guan),立(li)式(shi)(shi)柱,套管(guan)、蜘蛛狀(zhuang)管(guan)、管(guan)式(shi)(shi)管(guan)等(deng)形式(shi)(shi);按埋設深度不(bu);同分為淺埋(≤30)、中埋(31~80m)和深埋(>80m)。
在冬季由(you)環路中的(de)循環水(shui)把大地(di)的(de)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)帶到(dao)主(zhu)機,再(zai)由(you)主(zhu)機系(xi)統(tong)驅動的(de)壓(ya)縮機和熱(re)交換器(qi)把大地(di)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)集中,并以(yi)較高(gao)的(de)溫度供到(dao)內機,來給(gei)房(fang)間(jian)供暖。
在夏(xia)季,此運行程序則相反,地(di)(di)源熱(re)泵(beng)系統將從室內(nei)抽出多余的熱(re)量排入(ru)環(huan)路而(er)為(wei)大地(di)(di)所(suo)吸收,使房屋得到制(zhi)冷(leng)。
目(mu)前使用(yong)最多的是(shi)U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)、套管(guan)(guan)(guan)和單管(guan)(guan)(guan)式。下(xia)面作一(yi)簡述。
1)U形管型是在鉆孔的管井內安裝U形管,一般管井直徑為100~159mm,井深10~200m。U形管徑一般在φ50mm以下(主要是流量不宜過大所限),由于施工簡單;換熱性能較好,承壓高,管路接頭少,不易泄漏等原因,目前應用最多。如美國加州斯托克斯大學供應了48萬m2空調建筑(zhu)的地(di)源熱泵系統,有390個深(shen)度超過120m的地(di)下(xia)埋管(guan),據介紹,采用這種地(di)源熱泵系統較常規空調每(mei)年可節(jie)約各種費(fei)用45.5萬美元,其中能量費(fei)用33萬美元,節(jie)電25%,節(jie)約燃(ran)料費(fei)70%。
地源熱泵埋管方式有幾種?
國外(wai)有的(de)工程把U形管捆扎(zha)在樁基的(de)鋼(gang)筋網架上,然后澆灌混凝(ning)土(tu),不(bu)占(zhan)用地(di)面。如瑞士(shi)某(mou)工廠(chang)地(di)源(yuan)熱(re)泵系統從600個樁基中吸收熱(re)量或冷量,用于2萬平方米建筑物的(de)供暖和(he)制(zhi)冷。
2)套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)武換熱器的(de)(de)外管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)徑(jing)一般為100~200mm,內管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為φ15~φ25mm。由(you)于增大(da)了管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外壁(bi)與(yu)巖(yan)土(tu)的(de)(de)換熱面積,因(yin)此(ci)其(qi)單位井深(shen)的(de)(de)換熱量高(gao),根據試(shi)驗(yan)結果(guo),其(qi)換熱效(xiao)率較(jiao)(jiao)U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)提高(gao)16.7%。其(qi)缺點是套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)徑(jing)及鉆孔直(zhi)徑(jing)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)比較(jiao)(jiao)固難,初(chu)投資(zi)比U形管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)高(gao)。在套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端部與(yu)內管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進。出水連接處不好處理,易泄漏(lou),因(yin)此(ci)適用于深(shen)度≤30m的(de)(de)豎埋直(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),對中埋采用此(ci)種(zhong)形式宜慎重。為防止漏(lou)水,套(tao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)端部封頭部分宜由(you)工廠加工制(zhi)作,現場安裝,以保證嚴密性。
地源熱泵埋管方式有幾種?
3)單管型在國外常稱為(wei)“熱井(jing)”,它主要用于地下(xia)水做熱源(yuan)的熱泵系統,一(yi)般來講該種型式(shi)投(tou)資較少。其安(an)裝方法是(shi)地下(xia)水位以(yi)上用鋼(gang)套管作為(wei)護套,直徑和孔徑一(yi)致,典型孔徑為(wei)150mm。地下(xia)水位以(yi)下(xia)為(wei)自然孔洞(dong),不加任何設施。孔洞(dong)中有(you)一(yi)根出水管為(wei)熱泵機組供水,回水自然排放(fang)或回到管井(jing)內。這種方式(shi)受(shou)地下(xia)水資源(yuan)、國家有(you)關政策及(ji)法規限制大。